[AEP] Togo gained independence in 1960 from France under Sylvanus Olympio. On 13th January, 1963, he was deposed and assassinated in a military coup spearheaded by Sergeant Etienne Eyadéma Gnassingbé. After the coup, a council called the “Insurrection Committee”, headed by Emmanuel Bodjollé was formed which appointed Nicolas Grunitzky as president until he was overthrown in a bloodless coup on January 1963 by Sergeant Eyadéma Gnassingbé.
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